https://journal2.standard.ac.ir/ Advances in the Standards & Applied Sciences en daily 1 Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://journal2.standard.ac.ir/article_254982.html Accurate measurement of honey's sugar composition plays a key role in quality assessment and adulteration detection, particularly regarding the addition of inexpensive sugar syrups. This letter reviews common methods for honey sugar analysis, including classical titrimetric techniques (Lane-Eynon, Fehling's test) and DNS spectrophotometry, as well as advanced instrumental methods such as HPAEC-PAD, GC-MS, and HPLC-RID, alongside rapid, non-destructive technologies such as refractometry and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, comparing them in terms of accuracy, cost, analysis time, and application. The review suggests that a hybrid approach, combining a rapid method for initial screening with a precise instrumental method for confirming suspicious samples, may offer an economical and reliable strategy for honey quality-control laboratories. It is hoped that raising this topic will encourage further discussion and exchange of views among researchers and specialists in this field within the pages of this journal. It is also suggested that future issues include articles focused on the national standardization of honey sugar measurement methods, in order to improve consistency of results across different laboratories. https://journal2.standard.ac.ir/article_254983.html Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an important component of building environmental performance because people spend much of their time indoors. Poor ventilation, emissions from construction materials, combustion by-products, and other pollutants can adversely affect occupant health and comfort. This paper compares IAQ criteria in three established green building rating systems: LEED (United States), BREEAM (United Kingdom), and HQE (France). A documentary review of publicly available technical guidance was conducted without field measurements. The criteria were organized into four themes: pollutant source control, ventilation, filtration, and pre-occupancy testing, enabling comparison despite differences in scoring approaches. LEED emphasizes performance-based requirements, including ventilation rates, combustion safety, parking-related emissions, radon, and low-emitting materials. BREEAM integrates IAQ within health and wellbeing and gives greater attention to occupant information and system operation after handover. HQE is notable for its attention to odor and its requirement for an air quality check before occupancy. The findings indicate that none of these systems can be directly applied to Iran because of its climatic diversity, ventilation regulations, and construction cost constraints. The study therefore proposes a staged framework for Iran, beginning with mandatory minimum requirements for ventilation and pollutant source control, followed by voluntary higher-performance measures. Such a framework should draw on international experience while being adapted to Iran’s climatic, regulatory, and economic conditions and local building practices to improve feasibility, consistency, and long-term adoption across different building projects. https://journal2.standard.ac.ir/article_254984.html Green subsidies have been proposed as a policy instrument to encourage environmentally sustainable agricultural practices and potentially improve agricultural product quality. This study examines the potential effects of hypothetical green subsidy policies on final demand components and selected agricultural economic indicators in Iran using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. Since such a green subsidy has not been implemented as a specific agricultural policy instrument in Iran, the analysis is conducted as an ex ante counterfactual policy simulation. Three alternative subsidy scenarios—20%, 50%, and 100%—are simulated relative to the baseline equilibrium. The model is calibrated using Iran’s Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), and simulations are conducted using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). The results indicate that agricultural gross national product and private consumption increase under all three scenarios, whereas agricultural investment decreases as the subsidy rate increases. Agricultural imports also increase across the scenarios, with larger increases at higher subsidy rates. These findings demonstrate heterogeneous effects across final demand components and indicate that a green subsidy does not automatically improve all agricultural economic indicators. The results suggest that green subsidies, if implemented, should be designed as targeted and conditional incentives linked to measurable environmental and product-quality criteria and accompanied by complementary measures to strengthen domestic production capacity and reduce excessive import dependence. Overall, the study provides an ex ante assessment of the potential economic effects and trade-offs associated with alternative levels of hypothetical green subsidy support in Iran. https://journal2.standard.ac.ir/article_254985.html The present study aimed to extract and characterize gelatin (GEL) from the bone residues of Scomberomorus commerson, a significant fishery by-product. A systematic extraction procedure was employed, involving alkaline deproteinization, EDTA-based decalcification, and lipid removal using butyl alcohol, followed by hydrothermal hydrolysis. The extracted GEL achieved a yield of 24% (on a dry weight basis). Structural and morphological analyses (FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, and FE-SEM) confirmed that the primary protein structure of collagen was effectively preserved and converted into GEL. Quality evaluation according to the INSO 3474 standard revealed that the GEL possessed favorable sensory attributes, including a light yellow color and negligible odor, alongside excellent gelation performance. Although this study successfully validated the physicochemical quality of the GEL, further assessments regarding microbial safety and heavy metal content are required for commercial applications. In conclusion, Scomberomorus commerson bone residues represent a sustainable and cost-effective raw material for producing high-quality edible GEL, offering a promising solution for waste management in the seafood industry. https://journal2.standard.ac.ir/article_254986.html Medication errors are among the leading causes of serious adverse events in hospitalized patients, and a considerable number of deaths each year can be traced back to them. In syringe and infusion pumps, delivery accuracy is a safety-critical property, especially in intensive care and neonatal environments. Importantly, the accuracy of these devices is not dictated by the motor and drive mechanism alone. A group of external factors, namely the size and mechanical compliance of the mounted syringe, the length and internal diameter of the infusion line, and the material behavior of the tubing, exert a strong and frequently underestimated influence on performance.This study sets out an integrated experimental and statistical investigation of the variables that shape syringe pump performance. Within a full factorial design, several analytical techniques were applied. The data set comprised more than 300 observations spanning three syringe sizes, three programmed flow rates, several tubing types, and two infusion line lengths.They confirm that syringe size, tubing compliance, and line length are each statistically significant determinants of pump performance, with the largest effects appearing at the lowest flow rate (1.0 mL/h). Taken together, the findings show that larger syringe diameters magnify the effect of mechanical play in the drive train; that long infusion lines add both fluidic resistance and volumetric compliance, the latter being the dominant cause of delayed flow onset at low rates; and that compliant tubing stores elastic strain energy during start-up, producing a delayed onset of flow together with transient under-delivery. https://journal2.standard.ac.ir/article_254987.html In coastal and arid regions experiencing severe water stress, seawater desalination serves as a critical infrastructure for freshwater supply. However, its high energy demand, particularly in hot and saline coastal regions such as the Persian Gulf, requires continuous energy and environmental monitoring. This study presents a scenario-based screening framework for evaluating the life-cycle global warming potential (GWP) and energy-related performance of desalination options for Bandar Lengeh, structured in accordance with the principles of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. Using the production of 1 m3 of potable freshwater as the functional unit, a cradle-to-grave screening assessment was conducted based on regional operational parameters, energy statistics, and literature-derived inventory ranges. The screening confirms that under fossil-fuel-dominated power regimes, the operational stage accounts for the vast majority of carbon emissions (typically accounting for approximately 85–90% of total life-cycle emissions), making specific energy consumption (SEC) and grid carbon intensity the key determinants of global warming impact. Under the defined functional unit, system boundaries, energy conditions, and reference assumptions, the RO scenarios show a lower screening carbon footprint than the MED and MSF scenarios. Solar-based pathways and broader renewable-electricity scenarios, including wind-based low-carbon electricity assumptions, are estimated to reduce operational emissions under the defined assumptions; however, downstream life-cycle burdens, such as chemical consumption and equipment manufacturing, become proportionally more important. Finally, an operational monitoring matrix featuring actionable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), baseline thresholds, and monitoring frequencies is proposed to support low-carbon operational decision-making in Bandar Lengeh and comparable Persian Gulf facilities.